Science and Technology Through the Ages
SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY THROUGH THE AGES
The science and Technology at the Corners of the Indian Sub-Continent has been prevailing Since Ancient times and Many foreign Nations have been Enamoured of it..
Invaders of this Nation Includes Greeks, Persians, Huns and Mongols and many other Indian religions such as Buddhism , jainism and Hinduism.
Mathematics
Also know as Ganita by general name..
Arithmetic ( Pattin Ganita /Anka Ganita )
Algebra ( Bija Ganita )
Geometry ( Rekha Ganita )
Astronomy ( Khagolshastra )
Astrology (Jyotisa )
In between 1000 BC and 1000 AD number of treatise on Mathematics were authored by indian Mathematians ...
The Techniques of Algebra and the Concept of zero probably Originated in india ..
Knowledge of measurement and Geometry
The use of Geometric patterns can also found in the temples in the form of geometrical motifs
ARYABHATA
Aryabhata in around 499 Ad wrote Aryabhatiya in Concept of Mathematics as well as Astronomy
In Aryabhata's book - aim of Studying
1.To Get accuracy of Calendar
2. To Know about the Climate and rainfall patterns
3.Navigation
4.To look at the Horoscope
5.To Understand about Tides and Stars.
Astronomy was also called Khagol Shastra in those days. Khagol was famous Astronomical laboratory in Nalanda were Aryabhata studied..
Bhaskaracharya
Leading Mathematicians in the 12th century AD.
His book siddhanta shiromani is divided into 4 sections.
Lilavati- dealing with Arithmetic
Bijganita - dealing with Algebra
Goladhyaya - about Sphere
Grahaganita - Mathematics of Planets..
Chakrawat method or the cycle method to solve Algebra equations was introduced by him in his book Lilavati
Brahmagupta- 7c AD
Brahmagupta in his book Brahmasputa Siddhanta mentioned Zero as a number.
He introduced Negative number and described them as Debts and positive numbers as fortunes...
MEDICINE
During the vedic times, Ashwini Kumars were practisioners of medicine and were given the divine status ..
Dhanvantari was the God ofAyurveda Medicine.
Atharva Veda was the first book where mention about the diseases, its Cures and medicines can be found..
Atharva Veda Mentioned cure for many of the diseases which include Diarrhoea, sores, cough ,leprosy, fever and seizures
Two Important treaties during this time
Charak Samhita -Deals with Ayurveda by Charak , Father of Ayurveda
Sushruta Samhita - deals with Surgery by Sushruta , Father of Surgery
CHARAK SAMHITA
Mainly deals with use of Plants and Herbs for Medical purposes
In Charak Samhita , Extensive note on digestion, Metabolism and immune system is written..
Charak Emphasises that the functioning of a human body depends on three Doshas 1.Bile 2.Phlegm 3.Wind
Charak in his book put emphasis on Prevention rather than cure. Genetics also find a mention in Charak Samhita
His forte was mainly Rhinoplasty (plastic Surgery) Ophthalmology (Ejections of Cataract )
SUSHRUTA SAMHITA
Sushruta Samhita deals with practical Problems of Surgery and Obstetrics..
Sushruta Studied anatomy in great detail with the aid of human dead body
Surgery was termed as Sastrakarma during those times..
The book Sushruta Samhita records in detail the steps to be taken for the performance of a surgery
The Buddhist monks from India took the Ayurveda system to Tibet and china.
Physics and chemistry
From the vedic times , the material on earth have been classified into panchbhootas..
These panchbhootas were identified with human senses of perception
physics
Earth (Prithavi) with smell
Fire ( agni ) with vision
Air ( Maya) with feeling
water (apa) with taste
Ether (akash) with sound
CHEMISTRY
Metallurgy ( Smelting)
Distillation of perfumes
Making of dye and pigments
Extraction of sugars
Production of paper
production of gunpowder
Casting of canons etc
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